What Is The Takwa Settlement History Essay

What Is The Takwa Settlement History Essay The  Takwa  settlement is situated on the south side of  Manda Island, in the  Lamu District  in the coastal province of  Kenya. They are the ruins of a  Muslim  town which was abandoned around the 18th century. The Takwa site can be easely reached from  Lamu  town. The ruins were first excavated by James Kirkman in 1951. In 1972 the site was cleared again under the supervision of James de Vere Allen, the Curator of the Lamu Museum. Takwa was never a large place. It was founded around year 1500, and probably abandoned around 1700. Kirkman thought that it was perhaps a place were holy men or religious people retreated. The Great Mosque at Takwa is relatively well preserved. The other structure remaining of importance is the Pillar Tomb, which has an inscription with the date of 1681-1682. It is reported that when Takwa was abandoned, its inhabitants settled just across the bay at  Shela  on  Lamu Island. Twice a year the people of Shela come to the Pillar Tomb in Takwa to pray for rain. (Martin, p. 27) The Takwa Ruins were designated a Kenyan National Monument in 1982. mu Archipelago From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lamu Archipelago Map of  Kenya  showing the islands Lamu Island Lamu Town  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shela Matondoni Kipangani Manda Island Manda Town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Takwa  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Manda Airport Pate Island Faza à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Pate Town Rulers of Pate -  Bwana Mkuu -  Bwana Tamu -  Fumo Madi Siyu Kizingitini Shanga à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Kiwayu Island à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Administrative Centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ã‚  Archaeological  site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  World Heritage Site The  Lamu Archipelago  is located in the  Indian Ocean  close to the northern coast of  Kenya, to which it belongs. The islands lie between the towns of  Lame  and  Kiunga, close to the border with  Somalia, and is a part of  Lamu District. The largest of the islands are  Pate Island,  Manda Island  and  Lamu Island. Smaller islands include  Kiwayu, which lies in the  Kiunga Marine National Reserve, and  Manda Toto. Today the largest town in the archipelago is  Lamu Town, on  Lamu Island. The town is on the  World Heritage List. The archipelago contains several archaeological/historical sites of great significance, such as  Takwa  and  Manda Town  (both on  Manda Island) and  Shanga  (on  Pate Island). Some have been partially excavated in later years, shedding important new light on  Swahili  history and culture. The islands are reputed to be one of the westernmost ports of call of the great  Chinese  fleet of  Zheng He, or even to be the resting place of a wreck of one of his ships. No direct evidence has yet been discovered of his visit, although it is known that he visited  Mombasa, further down the Kenyan coast, in around 1415. [edit]References Allen, James de Vere:  Lamu, with an appendix on Archaeological finds from the region of Lamu by H. Neville Chittick.  Nairobi: Kenya National Museums. Lamu town is the oldest living Swahili town in Kenya, comparable to others such as Zanzibar in Tanzania. The town dates back to at least the 12th century. Since this time Lamu has flourished as a maritime trading centre whose main population, the Swahili, engaged in international trade, fishing and farming. The architecture of Lamu is uniquely Swahili, with its narrow streets, storied buildings, intricately carved wooden doors and numerous mosques. Lamu is also unique in that it is host to three museums and a Fort with an impressive exhibition space, namely:  Lamu Museum,  Lamu Fort  ,German Post Office Museum, and  Swahili House Museum. Lamu Museum can arrange guided tours to various archaeological and historical sites, whether to neighbouring Manda Island or further afield to Pate Island, where the ruins of the earliest known Swahili settlement of Shanga dated to the 8th century AD can be visited. Lamu Society The Lamu Society was formed in the early 1980s to offer a forum for ideas and projects that would encourage the conservation of the island communitys historic material culture. The Society has been instrumental in raising funds and assisting in the work required to document, preserve and restore aspects of earlier time periods and hence in the development of the  Lamu Museum. The Societys publications focus on the history and preservation of the islands cultural heritage, whilst its periodic newsletter informs members about events and ongoing aspects of interest. Religious Centre Since the 19th century Lamu has been regarded as an important religious centre in East Africa. Every year, thousands of pilgrims from the region flock to Lamu town for the famous  Maulidi,  or Milad-un-Nabi, celebrations that are held during the third month of the Muslim calendar to mark the birth of the Prophet Muhammed. The East AfricanMaulidi  is believed to have been started by Habib Swaleh Jamalely, a Comorian Arab who emigrated to Lamu and established himself as a scholar and doctor of traditional Arabic medicine. He was a pious man whose deeds are still emulated today, as exemplified by  Maulidi. The  Maulidi  celebrations are known to bring people from as far as the Comoros, Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. Lamu Heritage Attractions Lamu is a dominant cultural centre reputable for its historic past and traditional socio-cultural traditions. As such visitors to Lamu can enjoy a large and diverse collection of heritage and cultural attractions. At the district level, Lamu has the remains of many heritage sites. These range from towns, like Shanga, Patà © and Manda to hundreds of monuments, like Siyu Fort. Some of these sites, such as Manda, are easily accessible, while others are located in thick vegetation making access difficult. The development of access to these areas is currently being addressed by the sites management team. Lamu was listed as a World Heritage Site on the 14 December 2001. This landmark status came after 28 years of strict conservation of Lamu Old Town. As a national monument the town has many fascinating architectural characteristics, unrivalled by any other Swahili town along the East African littoral. The old town has approximately 532 houses. About 496 of these houses are privately owned, 23 are considered public and 13 are religious buildings mainly mosques. The town has survived the pressure of modern destruction and development by both government and private developers. The towns well-conserved architectural setting of narrow streets, divided by blocks of lined houses, has fascinated many visitors. Perhaps of most appeal are the stone walled houses in which flat roofs are supported by painted mangrove poles. The interior of a typical Lamu house is divided by two or three long galleries, with at least one or two self-contained rooms. The walls are covered with geometric plaster designs and wall niches. Lamu town has several buildings of importance including the Lamu Fort and  Yumbe  the former house of a Lamu Sultan. Aside from Lamus physical heritage the town has a rich living culture. For almost a century, each calendar year sees Lamu flooded with religious tourists from across the globe, here to attend the popular Maulidi Festival. About 20,000 religious tourists come to the town to attend this Festival, during the Islamic month of  Rabil awal. The climax of the Maulidi celebrations comes in the final week of this month. At this time various traditional Swahili dances from the neighbouring towns of Patà ©, Siyu, Ndau, Faza and Matondoni are hosted at the Riadha Mosque grounds to entertain the pilgrims. Taking advantage of the sombre week of  mfungo sita, (Rabil awal) Lamu Museum also arranges a series of cultural events, such as traditional dhow races,  bao  games, donkey races, henna painting and Islamic calligraphy competitions. Typically during the month of August, though occasionally occurring later in the year, Lamus second large festival is held. The  Lamu Cultural Festival  is organised by the Lamu Cultural Promotion Group. It is a three-day Swahili cultural festival that combines traditional dances, indoor and outdoor cultural activities and an exhibition of Lamus rich material culture. The Cultural Festival, like the Maulidi, also draws crowds as large as 20,000. Lamu Old Towns museums and fort are maintained and managed by the National Museums of Kenya. These are: the Lamu Museum, known for its exquisite Swahili ethnography exhibits; the Swahili House Museum, a restored 18th century house, reflecting the life of privileged Lamu Swahilis; the Lamu Fort, built in 1814 by Bwana Zeid Ngumi the last Sultan of Lamu; and the German Post Office Museum, showing the post office when it was operational in the late 19-20 th Century. Lamus material culture is best shown by its carved doors and traditional furniture which can be viewed all over the town. There are almost 18 woodcarving workshops in Lamu mainly producing Swahili doors, furniture and smaller artefacts, such as the miniature dhows that are popular with tourists. One of the busiest workshops in the town is the Skanda Woodcarving Workshop, this was opened about 50 years ago and is credited with having trained hundreds of woodcarvers who are now scattered all over Kenyas major towns. Visitors are welcome to view woodcarving classes at the workshops. There are also gift and curio shops scattered around the Old Town, selling quality local items. One of the reasons for Lamus inscription on the UNESCO heritage list is its unique social-cultural life, which has remained relatively unchanged for centuries. A traditionally conservative lifestyle is still maintained by many Lamu households. Lamus female Muslim population still predominately wear  bui buis,  and donkeys remain the major form of transport in the town. The ruins of Takwa are located on Manda Island, a 30 minute boat ride from Lamu town. Here one can witness the remains of a thriving 16th century Swahili trading post. Among the more notable features at Takwa is the unique Friday Mosque with a large pillar atop the qibla wall; while the significance of the pillar is not known with certainty, some believe it to symbolise the burial of a Sheikh below the wall. A days visit is quite a unique experience, and can be complimented by a picnic or overnight camping. Location   The ruins of Takwa are located on the southeastern corner of Manda Island opposite Lamu. A 30 minute boat ride from Lamu Town. Its geographical location on map is at Grid Reference 186 476, Sheet 180/4.   Historical background   Takwa ruins are the remains of a thriving 15th and 16th century Swahili trading town before it was abandoned in the seventeenth century. It is not only important because of its period of occupation but also because of its dense settlement and its relatively well preserved remains. The unique Friday Mosque with a large pillar a top the qibla wall is among the most notable features. This pillar is believed to symbolize the burial of a Sheikh be low the wall.   The position of the site at the narrowest location on the whole island, was most probably a strategy. Takwas position/location with shallow waters must have been of considerable importance especially during its peak, when many of the sails that came into view were likely to be hostile. Therefore access to the site must have been primarily from the shallow channel which could only admit vessels of shallow draft.   Takwa eventual abandonment in the 17th century was due to salination of the once fresh water and endless fighting between Takwa and Pate people. These ruins were gazetted as a National Monument in 1982 in Gazette notice No. 1514. At present, Takwa is open daily to the Public. It is a very pleasant place for a casual visit, which can be complimented by a picnic and overnight camping. Takwa is a settlement between three hundred and five hundred years old unmodified by subsequent constructions. The remains of the walled stone town of Takwa are located at a point where Manda Island is almost bisected by a tidal channel flanked by mangroves. Although Takwa is located only few hundred meters from the sea, there is neither a good harbour nor protected anchorage on the ocean side. The shallow channel was likely the best access to the site, as it is today, although only for vessels of shallow draft when the tides are favourable. A major aspect of the settlement is the town wall, of coral rag construction, which rose to a full height of about three meters and is best viewed intact in the southern areas of the site. The remains of Takwa within the wall cover about 5 hectares and consist of a mosque, houses, a well and structures with perhaps religious or commercial functions. In addition, there are the spaces created by the location of structures, such as courtyards, streets and other open areas. All structures were built of coral rag, quarried locally, and set in mortar made of earth, sand and lime. The street, although obscured by rubble today, is significant for the amount of town planning involved: at least five houses with sides on the street are directly aligned with it, and all in the plan are affected by it. Likewise the street leading south directly to the mosque is orientated with an error of less than one degree off contemporary magnetic north hardly an accident. It is interesting to consider that upon leaving the mosque, the faithful stepped onto a street aimed directly at Mecca. Pillar tombs are one of the unique architectural features of the East African coast, and Takwa is justifiably known for its fine example, located just a few meters past the north gate. An inscribed block is set into the north face of the tomb wall. The block calls to Allah, Muhammed, and the first four caliphs, AbuBakar, Umar, Uthman and Ali. At the bottom of the inscription is the Arabic date 1094, which measures that many years from Muhammeds hijrah, or move, from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622. As the Muslim year 1094 began on December 31, 1682, this date corresponds to the Christian year 1683. The tomb is still considered sacred to the Muslim people of Shela, some of whom are believed to have come from Takwa and who visit the tomb twice a year to pray for rain. The Takwa mosque is located near the geographical centre of the site, reflecting the central place of Islam in the religious and social life of many in the community. The mosque is characterized by an unusual and striking pillar, which rises from the centre of its north wall. It is possible that the mosque is located on the site of the tomb of a revered person. The pillar, as a characteristic feature of the coast, may have been placed on the mosque in commemoration of the burial site. The ruined remains of about 55 structures occur north of the mosque, with about an equal number to the south. Takwa may have been abandoned due to hostility from nearby Pate, whose ascendancy began about three hundred years ago. Perhaps trade competition contributed to the site abandonment, or possibly Takwa became involved in the rivalry between Lamu and Pate, which might explain why some of the Takwa people asked to settle at Shela on Lamu Island. Another likely cause for abandonment was the inferior water supply, for the wells at the mosque and near the pillar tomb are salty today. It might have been easier for the Takwans to resist hostility from Pate than to endure the increasing salinity of their life-sustaining wells. Artefacts found during excavations in the 1979s include numerous pottery vessels both locally produced and imported for cooking and storage, a bread oven, glass beads, spindle whorls, a glass flask of unknown use, fragments of a smoking pipe, fish and mammal bones suggesting a varied diet, and finished iron implements and iron slag indicating blacksmithing on site. This is a rich inventory of artefacts but it nevertheless only reflects what has not perished in the archaeological record. No cotton or other cloth has survived. Almost all wood is gone, probably moved to Shela, which, considering contemporary woodcarving is likely quite a loss. Leather products such as purses, belts and sandals have all decayed, and particularly valuable items would have been removed as the people left Takwa. Even with the interesting picture of Takwa known from archaeological research, we are still unable to gain a complete piciture of the sites history. A safari to Takwa A visit to Takwa National Monument is a very pleasant way to spend a morning or afternoon, or even an entire day with overnight camping. Visitors may leave Lamu or Shela by sailing dhow or motorboat, cross Lamu Harbour to Manda Island and enter a narrow channel flanked by mangroves. Although at high tide boats and dhows can reach the very end of the channel, it is best to be prepared to wade a few meters through ankle or knee deep salt water. Far from being dangerous or uncomfortable, this approach makes you feel like an explorer, setting the mood for entrance into the serene and majestic ruins. Physical description and climate The Lamu Archipelago is a small group of island situated on Kenyas northern coast line, near Somalia. It is made up of Lamu, Manda, Pate and Kiwayu Islands. Lamu Town is the headquarters of Lamu District, one of the six districts of Kenyas Coastal Province, which borders the Indian Ocean to the east, the Tana River District to the south-west, the Garissa District to the north and the Republic of Somalia to the north-east. Temperatures range from 23 to 30 degrees celsius throughout the year. The hottest months are form December to April, while the coolest are from May to July. There are also long rains from mid-April to the end of June. Commerce brought the East African coast into contact with distant peoples and cultures as early as two thousand years ago. The earliest known historical records the 1st Century ADPtolemys Geography   talk of the coast, its inhabitants, and the trade. Arab merchants began to settle permanently between the 9th and 12th centuries, bringing with them a new religion, Islam. They referred to the people they found there by various names, including Swahili, which meant people from the coast. Over the years, the traders intermarried with the local people and some Swahilis trace their origins to the Arab world. The Old Town of Lamu is first mentioned by the Arab writer/traveller, Abu al Mahasini, who met a Qadhi (Muslim Judge) from Lamu when visiting Meca in 1441. Lamu flourished as an independent city-state and remained a thriving seaport through the turbulent Portuguese invasions, its Omani domination during the 17th century and battles with the neighbouring islands of Pate and Manda. Under Omani protection and with a slave based economy, Lamu remained prosperous for over two hundred years until the 19th century. It was during this period that Lamus inhabitants built most of the traditional coral stone houses and mosques that still stand today, using coral stone and mangrove timber from the archipelago, and employing skilled craftsmen from India. To the Muslim world the word Maulid (the Arabic word for birth) is often spoken in reference to the Prophet Muhammeds (Peace Be Upon Him) birth. However, in Eastern African and the Indian Ocean region, Maulidi or Milad-un-Nabii (Birth of the Prophet Muhammed, PBUH) is the holy celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammed, which lasts the full month of Rabi al-Awal and a few weeks before and after. A Maulid itself is any ceremony in which the Prophet is venerated. For that reason, it is understandable why there is controversy over when and where the first Maulid was recited. The most consistent record states that the first public celebration took place in Egypt 400 years after the death of the Prophet in the eighth century during the Fatimid dynasty, after which Maulidi was celebrated in Mecca and since has caught on in many other countries in this part of the world. Again there is no precise record of when it began in East Africa, but it is clear Maulidi has been here for centuries. The person who is responsible for how Maulidi is presently celebrated is Swaleh ibn Alwy ibn Abdullah Jamal al-Lail or Habib Swaleh. Born in the Comoros Islands of an Arab father and Comorian mother, Swalehs family are Sharifs. He was the first to include instruments at the Maulids he hosted and was criticized for it. After some years, Swaleh was recognized as a man of the people and a respected leader in the community, and they began to follow his example and join in his celebration. At that time no Mosque allowed instruments to be played inside, so he founded the Riyada Mosque and the Mosque College in 1901. To this day, the students of Riyada College lead the recitation, and the Riyada itself is the heart of the festival continuing his legacy. Though it is a month-long celebration, the most important and observed time is sunset on the 11th of Rabi-al-Awal until dawn on the 12th. The Maulid is recited for that entire span of time, as it is on the actual date of the Prophets birth. During the last week of the month, in Lamu, there is a four-day long festival. This begins on the Tuesday and ends on Friday. Since 1990, the National Museums of Kenya has sponsored the gala in Lamu. They organize various community building competitions such as swimming, dhow races, henna competition, tug-of war, and donkey races. Amidst the festival, in homes and in mosques, the people of Lamu recite one of four Maulids: Sharaful-Anam, Maulid ya Dibei (ya Rama), Baranzanji, and Simt-al-Durar (String of Pearls). The Maulid ya Rama is written and recited in Kiswahili, the others in Arabic. The most commonly read are the Baranzaji, written by Imam as-Sayyid Jafar ibn Hassan ibn Abdal Karim al-Barazanji (1690-1766), and the Simt-al-Durar, the most recent, written by Khatib Habib Ali Ibn Muhammad al-Habshy (?-1915) from Saudi Arabia. These Maulids can best be described as religious poetry, based on the history and life of the Prophet, with lines and concepts from the Hadith and the Quran. A Maulid can be read at any important event or milestone. In the Swahili tradition, it may be read one to two weeks after the birth of a child, during the shaving ceremony. They are also performed at weddings and less frequently at funerals. Muslims all of the world add their own variations and culture to the recitation. Of all of the major cities and ports in this part of the world, East African Muslims choose Lamu to visit and observe this special time. The uniquely Swahili music, dance, and rituals here are unlike any others. Lamu is a town rich in culture, history, and traditions and will most likely continue to host the biggest Maulidi on the East African coast. Lamu From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lamu Old Town* UNESCO World Heritage Site View of the seaside, Lamu Town State  Party   Kenya Type Cultural Criteria ii, iv, vi Reference 1055 Region** Africa Inscription history Inscription 2001  Ã‚  (25th  Session) *  Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. **  Region as classified by UNESCO. Lamu Archipelago Map of  Kenya  showing the islands Lamu Island Lamu Town  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shela Matondoni Kipangani Manda Island Manda Town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Takwa  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Manda Airport Pate Island Faza à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Pate Town Rulers of Pate -  Bwana Mkuu -  Bwana Tamu -  Fumo Madi Siyu Kizingitini Shanga à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Kiwayu Island à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   Administrative Centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ã‚  Archaeological  site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  World Heritage Site Lamu town  is the largest town on  Lamu Island, which in turn is a part of the  Lamu Archipelago  in  Kenya. Lamu town is also the headquarters of  Lamu District  and a  UNESCO World Heritage Site. Contents   [hide] 1  History 2  Economy 3  Sights 4  See also

Seattle Central Community College

In my desire to have a sturdier foundation in establishing my dream and to enhance my values to be a stronger person, I have decided to transfer to Seattle University. In my previous school, Seattle Central Community College, I had been afforded with adequate education for my chosen course. However, I have decided to change my chosen my path to a better one. Hence, I have shifted to (course to enroll in Seattle University) in Seattle University.Undeniably, Seattle University has established its reputation in the field of education. The members of its faculty are also respected for their dedication in imparting their time and effort in developing the talents and skills of their students.The school is also complete with facilities necessary in making their students comfortable and contented in their studies. The school’s environment is also perfect as it provides for a learning ambiance that adds motivation for students. The school is indeed a great choice in the realization of my dream.I have also been inspired by the school’s mission and vision in producing students who will not only be successful in their chosen career but also an inspiration in the society because of their values and attitude towards societal problems. Notably, one of the school’s ways of educating their students is opening their minds about poverty, injustice, discrimination and other societal problems.As for me, I have been aspiring to share my life in helping my country by contributing to the minimization of these problems. I also realized that fulfillment does not come by any degree earned but by every simple yet great deeds and helping others from their pain. For me, I want to explore and understand more about these problems in order to decide my own way of helping and to being an asset of the society.In reaching this goal, I have confidence that Seattle University is the perfect institution that can provide me the values, experience, knowledge and the skills I need. Remarkably, faith is the foremost essential value that shields and protects an individual in battling all the trials and difficulties that may arise in the future. Through faith, one becomes stronger and fully spirited in taking his journey in life. As a Catholic individual, I have been found on faith. My parents have been imparting me important values that are necessary in dealing with life and to be a better person.In going on with my journey, I desire that the Catholic institution will continue to guide me. This will not only strengthen my faith but will also remind me of the basic values that I may come to forget when exposed in another environment.Furthermore, I long to enroll in Seattle University because I am fond of making friends with students from around the globe. At Seattle University, I will not be having difficulty in finding friends of different races because the school is diversified which is populated with students from all parts of the world. Through diversity,I al so wish to join student organizations in the school in order to gain more friends and additional input necessary in the development of my personality. Through these organizations, I believe that my self-confidence will be improved.At the same time, I am interested in joining volunteer community activities that any organizations may be engaging into. By reaching out to those in needs, I will be able to experience real life. I will also explore the outside world. More importantly, these activities will give me an opportunity to help others in my own simple way.To reiterate, I am determined to transfer to Seattle University because I want to improve my academic capability, values, attitude, and skills. In addition, I also want to make new friends and join organizations that are engaged in helping communities. Furthermore, I have chosen this institution because I am confident that it has all the factors needed in the realization of my dream an in making me a better person.

One of the Most Ignored Solutions for How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples

One of the Most Ignored Solutions for How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples The overall point of an advertising objective is to aid a business prosper in the competitive industry. In the event you were a small company, you knew all your customers by name. A target market denotes the group of prospective customers at whom a provider's marketing is being directed. It is possible to adhere to the subsequent steps to define a target market for your industry. Things You Won't Like About How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples and Things You Will You can also see brand advertising. Advertising is a rather common way of getting customers to understand your brand, message and product. Brands often hold massive sales and extend big discounts to draw more customers and eliminate old stocks. For your brand to be recognized by the typical consumers, they should be made aware your business even exists in the first spot. Where to Find How Advertising Targe ting Demographics Essay Samples Being contacted by means of a PR representative of a social networking website can turn some people off the notion of using that product or assistance. On-line advertising is a powerful method of advertising that employs the ability of Internet and World Wide Web to be able to deliver marketing messages and attract consumers. When companies are marketing electronic goods, like televisions or video game consoles, they have to take into consideration how their potential clients want to devote their spare time, in order to concentrate their advertising on people who are really interested in entertainment and leisure. If an organization is tasked with deciding how they need to initiate a new publicity campaign, they will need to ask themselves some important questions first. An important part of marketing strategy is the idea of market segmentation. Multisegment marketing denotes the custom of targeting more than 1 market segment. Market dominance strategies are made to boost a firm's dominance, or capacity to beat out its competitors, in its distinct field. One of the most usual advertising and marketing strategies revolves around the notion of market dominance. You could also see marketing reports. You could also like email advertising examples This is among the most effective tools for marketers to cater to their target group. In reality, their advertising strategies are essentially alike. Concentrated marketing denotes the custom of directing every advertising effort to a single segment of the marketplace. You could also see marketing presentations. How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples Ideas Thus, the discipline of on-line advertising promises growth as it's interactive, targets specific consumers and doesn't have any geographical or time boundaries. For instance, the typical age of a population may rise over time. As a consequence, target markets are organized and specified according to several unique facets. Among the problems the business faces today is decreasing brand-loyalty. A Secret Weapon for How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples Market STP is a significant issue that Primark should handle. From the financial perspective Maybelline's target, market is affected by the world economic recession, which has a negative effect on a UK cosmetic market too. In s ome instances, a rise in sale doesn't result to a growth in profit. The Rise of How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples Furthermore, by marketing towards an older clientele base, a business will be targeting towards a group of people who already possesses a bigger quantity of revenue and financial stability. The company understand that if targeting their customers in several countries they must find a particular person who's an idol for exactly that nation. It owns 20,000 retail accounts throughout the United States. Without a group of workers, you're company wouldn't even have the ability to operate in the very first place. Most men and women utilize other complimentary objects to tell something extra regarding the advert that does not have any direct pronunciation through the matter. Increasingly, since the area of print advertising shrinks, individuals are finding more creative methods to advertise, like displaying signs in addition to taxis. Folks are almos t always keen in regards to trying new things. They often talk about the importance of gaining new customers, but nobody ever tells you how to retain them. The sex of the man or woman can be an additional element to have a look at. Thus, the current market also should be segmented putting fashion taste for a consumer preference. Under such conditions, it's important to recognize the ideal market for targeting purpose. For example in China with the 1 child policy. With internet advertising you receive instant outcomes. Better still, the variety of completely free samples is always changing, and she gets to pick the samples she wants from a wide collection of options. A demographic profile may be used to establish when and where advertising needs to be put in order to realize maximum outcomes. The following gives some of the details that you should search for when analyzing the standard of an advert. The End of How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples Competit ors might try to use the exact marketing and advertising practices and potentially take away customers. An advertising goal is an overall overview of what you wish to do. Understanding target markets can result in a better comprehension of overall business strategies. Life, Death and How Advertising Targeting Demographics Essay Samples Alcohol businesses give a great illustration of businesses who wish to appeal to a large variety of target markets. For instance, if you know why your customers buy your goods, you can determine how much of your product they require and how often they have to get it. Toy and board game companies like Hasbro or Mattel have an extremely specific target marketplace. On-line market places make it possible for buyers to observe the best prices available without moving from their desks and pick the goods they want which they couldn't find at the neighborhood supermarket.

Gay Is the New Black in America - 1258 Words

As I was browsing the internet I discovered this article (McWhorter, 2013) comparing the gay community with the African American community. At first glance, I felt how can the two be compared? So, I decided to give this article a read. The purpose of the article was to bring attention to the civil rights movement of today dealing with the homosexual community’s civil rights and how it compares to the historic civil rights movements made by the African American community from 1955-1968. In my mind as an African American, my pride was not allowing me to see the comparison for what it really was. African Americans have endured a longer, more violent time frame of inequality than those of the gay community. This is how I see and feel it to be. I had to do some more research to see exactly how this era’s civil rights movement became an understudy for comparison to the civil rights movements by black Americans during the time span of 1955-1968. Us as African Americans need to support the gay civil rights movements of today because we should understand and realize the struggles we went through and help this nation become more equal. Gay is the new black in America, not all aspects of the two relate such as the level of violence endured by the African Americans as they fought to obtain equal rights but the fight to be seen equal is the same. The growth that the African American community has accomplished is a historic one that the gay community wishes to achieve as well. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film Paris Is Burning 1628 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the Civil Rights Movement, negative attitudes towards black people had a lessened; however there was still some racial tension nationwide. Racism, the disease that plagued this country (and still does today) was not gone in addition to that, other issues plagued America. The fruits of the labor of the Civil rights movement was not reaped by all of Black America. There was an omission of queer* black Americans when it came to who got the benefits that came from the Civil Rights movement. TheRead MoreMedias Big Role1334 Words   |  5 Pages The media plays a big role in molding the way people think about many different things including minority groups such as gays/lesbians, Africans, and Mexicans. Everywhere you look nowadays, you cannot avoid the topic of homosexuality. It is in the news, television shows, movies, books, magazines, and in politics. Being a minority group, homosexuals are viewed very differently by society. This applies to all minority groups. People were always raised to think that their race is just a colorRead MoreThe Importance Of Equal Rights And Opportunity In America1113 Words   |  5 PagesMy America values equal rights and opportunity for all its people. My America believes that equal rights are given to all its people no matter their race, religion, social status, gender, or sexuality. According to none of the aforementioned factors of a person’s identity should anyone face discrimination denying them of equal rights and opportunity. In my America, no one is denied their rights. In my America, everyone has the opportunity to pursue their passion. In America today we see people notRead MoreShould America Be The Same?1648 Words   |  7 PagesWould America Be The Same? Protests and chants full of discriminance and disparity filling America’s vast crevices of segregation. Long ago, The Civil Rights Movement was blossoming into a nation-wide dilemma as America began to be a nation of racism and segregation but the Civil Rights Movement’s effect on other minorities, race equality, and the important role it plays in society today makes it so greatly impactful on America. From the beginning, African Americans were always treated differentlyRead MoreCivil Rights And Gender And Sexual Orientation849 Words   |  4 Pagesorientation (gay individuals). To compare the two in any shape or form is to diminish, underestimate, depreciate and compromise the severity of the crimes committed against black people at the hands of their white slave masters. Civil rights were not just about granting freedom to black people, but it was about restoring the general dignity of humans regardless of their race. The humiliation black people suffer was catastrophic, it threatens the existence blacks in America. A whole generation of black peopleRead MoreThe Cultural Identity Of The African American Community1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe African American community has sat at the end of a discriminatory lens from the moment they set foot in the United States. For that reason, black communities have undergone the process of community building to ensure that all members feel a sense of belonging. Race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, poverty, and sexual orientation, all play a role in developing one’s identity and more often than not, these multiple identities intersect with blackness. Being that American society has deemed coloredRead MoreSexual Racial Discrimination Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesKatharine Hepburn, Harvey Milk, Fred Korematsu, and Kenneth Clark were all leaders representing minorities in America. These deviants to society made efforts to bring about positive cultural changes in times of strong sexual or racial discrimination. Great improvements have been made as a result of the contributions these citizens made to our country. In 1930’s America, the public view on gays and lesbians were not as liberal as they are today. It wasn’t until influential figures like Katharine HepburnRead MoreThe Rights Of The Lgbtq Community Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagespivotal in the Gay Rights Movement. The documentary begins speaking about homosexuality in the 1900s. No one really talked about sexuality. It was a just common knowledge, however if you were thought to be living a lesbian or gay life, it was grounds for being locked up in a mental institution. Many gay men however could recognize each other through either small gestures such as wearing matching a handkerchief and tie, a red bowtie and simply eye contact. Throughout the 20s, many gay and lesbian peopleRead MoreThe Issue Of The Gay Liberation Movement1627 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the gay liberation movement had very little impact at that time, it set the stage for bigger and better changes in the future. Since the 1960’s America has added, removed, and adjusted laws against homosexuals. On May 17, 2004, Massachusetts becomes the first state in the United State to legalize same–sex marriage. The Massachusetts Chief Justice concluded, â€Å"to deny the protections, benefits, and obligations conferred by civil marriage to gay couples was unconstitutional because it deniedRead MoreThe Stress on Americas Equality Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthe way from early slavery and the Holocaust to discrimination toward African Americans, females, and now same-sex marriages. As much as our world focuses on becoming equal, each culture deals with it’s own differences. In Michael Jackson’s song, â€Å"Black or Whi te† compared with Macklemore and Ryan Lewis’ song, â€Å"Same Love,† they each approach the same topic encompassing equality. Songs from completely two different generations but each song is concentrating on the important issues of their time, racial

Julius Ceaser Essay - 541 Words

Julius Ceaser Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was born on July 13th in 100B.C. His full name is Gaius Julius Caesar, which was the same as his father’s name. Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman general and was one of the most influential political and military leaders in history. He helped establish the vast Roman Empire. Caesar gained all his power in four different areas. Those areas are politics, government, religion, and in the military. Using these amazing powers he controlled many aspects of Roman life. In 84B.C. Caesar married Cornelia, the daughter of Lucis Cornelius Cinna, a noble who was Marious’ associate in revolution. Lucis Cornelius Sulla demanded they divorce in 83, but Caesar refused, risking his job and his life.†¦show more content†¦They gained control of Rome but soon split up by rivalries. Crassus died fighting in the East and Caesar went to Gaul and Britain. Pompey feared Caesar’s power and allied himself to the Senate. Between 58B.C. and 49B.C. Caesar conquered more territory in Gaul. He also led two expeditions to Britain. Caesar was going to seize power in Rome. He crushed an army led by Pompey. This left Caesar in charge of the military in Rome. It also signified the end of the Roman Republic. In 44B.C he was appointed dictator for life and in the same year was assassinated. Before his death he introduced reforms that helped strengthen Rome and protect his own power. He distributed land and money to the poor and granted Roman citizenship to people in provinces outside Italy. He also reduced unemployment by creating many building projects and increased the soldiers pay. He introduced a new calendar that was more accurate. It was based on the Hellenistic astronomy. It was called the Julian Calendar and was used in Europe until 1582A.D. Even though the Se nate and Assembly of tribes continued to exist, he still had total power. However many people referred to him as a tyrant and that he was destroying the Republic. Other people were jealous of all his popularity. Whatever the reason, on March 15th 44B.C. a group of conspirators that were led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus stabbed Julius CaesarShow MoreRelatedRhetoric in Julius Ceaser907 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetoric is the usage of words to persuade when writing or speaking. This was frequently used in William Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Julius Caesar†, specifically in act 1 scene 2 by Cassius. By using his powers of manipulation with argumentation and persuasion, Cassius then tries to convince Brutus, a fellow Roman, to join in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. Doing so, Cassius uses the rhetorical forms of pathos, logos, and the usage of rhetorical questions. One of the techniquesRead MoreClassical Civilizations: The Reigns of Caesar and Augustus1138 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Civilizations Dear Friend, The expansion of Roman territory into Gaul and the Rhine River are signs that the republic is continuing to enlarge its borders. This occurred with Julius Cesar successfully invading and capturing these areas in 60 BC. To achieve these objectives he had won election to the Senate and secured the support of key allies. Moreover, Cesar controlled a total of four legions. This gave him the ability to move further North into Britannia and secure the other sideRead More The Settlement and Innovations of Ancient Rome Essay715 Words   |  3 Pagesdefeat and suicide of Antony and Cleop atra, 30 BC). All the Mediterranean civilized world up to the disputed Parthian border was now Roman, and remained so for 500 years. Less civilized regions were added to the Empire: Gaul (conquered by Julius Ceaser, 56-49 BC), Britain (43 AD) and Dacia , NE of the Danube (117 AD).(1:721) The original republican government, with democratic features added in the fourth and fifth centuries BC, deteriorated under the pressures of empire and class conflictRead MoreFemale1542 Words   |  7 Pagesfor himself but she escaped safely into Syria and later returned with an army. Returning home to regain the throne back from her brother Ptolemy XIII she defeated her brother with the help of Julius Ceaser. Depicted in history as a seductress and manipulator, she allied herself with two powerful Romans, Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, in an attempt to maintain the power of the Ptolemy dynasty over Egypt. http://womenshistory.about.com/od/cleopatra/ Although Wu was a competent feudal monarch in termsRead MoreDemocracy Murders Itself: Is John Adams Correct? Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages  The democracy is not the brain child of today. Thousands of years ago the Romans and Greeks followed the system. In Roman Empire there was no King and the senate used to make the decision and they were so deeply in love with the system that when Julius Ceaser, the most beloved leader aspired to become king, he was killed in the senate by his fellow senators including his most beloved friend Brutus. Not long ago when Kings and Queens used to rule England there were continuous intrigues and fighting amongRead MoreHumanities in Ancient Rome2129 Words   |  9 Pages The forte of the Ancient Roman sculptures was in portraiture, or the representation of somebody. Romans were particularly concerned with the portraiture of their gods such as Jupiter, Mercury and Neptune as well as their emperor â€Å"gods† Augustus, Julius and Nero. Romans emperor were notoriously known for creating extravagant sculptures in their honor. Hands down the most famous of all statues was the world-famous Colossus of Nero. It was a gigantic bronze stature of the Emperor Nero. However, afterRead More The Bastille Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesSolages; and Tavernier. The first four of them were all properly tried and convicted forgers; the Count of Solages was imprisoned on request of his family who suspected him to be guilty of murder and incest; and De Witt imagined himself to be Julius Ceaser, St. Louis, and sometimes God. The last, Tavernier had been locked up since 1759 for his part in the Damiens conspiracy against Louis XV. He was the only political prisoner that was found when the Bastille was liberated on July 14, 1789. ThereRead MoreThe Just Exercise of Political Power2076 Words   |  9 PagesShortly after, in 30 BC, the first emperor assumed position in Rome, which signaled the end of the Roman Republic. Considering this , Bernard Crick wrote â€Å"The Republic was torn to pieces by power-hungry tribunes or dictators like Pompey, Sulla, and Julius Ceaser† (Crick 30). Even though the Roman Republic fell, many of its legal structures are still a major influence throughout the world. By way of example, Cicero, who published the â€Å"Commonwealth† during the civil war, discussed the rise and decline ofRead MoreThe Life and Works of Dramatist Aphra Behn Essay2575 Words   |  11 Pagescaption also enslaves Oroonoko. They arrive in Surinam, where they are both stripped of their identities and handed new names; Oroonoko is renamed Caear and Imoinda becomes Clemene. By naming Oroonoko as Ceaser, Behn created an allusion to foreshadow Oroonoko’s later demise. In Shakespeare’s Julius Caeser, the Roman emperor Caeser dies on the steps of the Roman Senate after being stabbed and betrayed by his friends. Similarly, Oroonoko towards the end is betrayed by those who promised him freedom.

Cell Phone Design Operation Management Free Essays

Shortening the duration of the project As the duration of the project is directly dependent on the duration of critical path, we should make the critical path shorter; in this case we need to re-plan the project. Manager should shorten the duration or work on a task on the critical path, this can have a significant impact on the overall duration of the project, or they should change a task constraint to allow for more scheduling flexibility. We have a number of options and we should assess the impact of each on the project’s cost, quality and time required to complete it. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Phone Design Operation Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, we should increase resource available for each project activity to bring down time spent on each but the impact of some of this would be insignificant and a more efficient way of doing this would be to look only at activities on the critical path. Adding more resources to a project to shorten its duration is called crashing. We should do the crash action to shorten the critical path but In some situations. Shortening the original critical path of a project can lead to a different series of activities becoming the critical path, so the management should be aware of this. As our information is limited in this case we can’t analysis the cost of putting more resources on some activities to speed it up by analyzing the original cost, crash cost we can estimate the crash cost per week we can compute the crash result and have enough information for cost analysis and make decision. We can use the pert analysis and crash action to shorten the project’s duration by shortening the factors of critical path. Some possible ideas for shortening the duration of subproject of the critical path are completing the software supplier specification in 4 weeks rather than 6 weeks, this would shorten the project by two weeks by putting additional input on this section but it will raise the project cost, the other one is D7, if we put more resources on this project and finish it in 2 weeks as it is a constraint for D1 and both of them are in critical path it will reduce the duration of project significantly, by combination of these two we will reduce the duration by 4 weeks, from 36 weeks to 32 weeks, but as it was mentioned before the cost analysis is still important in making decision. The other change that I recommend is they should break a critical task into smaller tasks that can be worked on simultaneously by different resources, for example the functionality can be divided in to two tasks which one of them is relevant to camera and the other one relevant to user interface, in this case not only the duration of the task will change but the constraints of this task will also l change relatively so this also will reduce the duration of the project. In general they should revise task dependencies to allow more scheduling flexibility, and for additional resources they can schedule overtime to assign additional resources to work on critical path tasks, because by bringing new staff in the project the alignment and interrelationship between teams will be another problem that should be solved. By Microsoft project management we can have more detail analysis of cost such as crash, perk analysis, milestones and the overall of project running, attached are the same analy sis from MS project. How to cite Cell Phone Design Operation Management, Papers

Financing Elections Essay Example For Students

Financing Elections Essay Financing elections is one of the major and disputable problems that American politics face presently. Analysts became worried that the rising costs of campaigns distort elections in the interests who have the money. Also another problem that worried people and analysts was that the politics seemed to be leaving the realm of political parties, and those who had the money to afford expensive media campaigns won the privilege of governing us. Next reformers required and applied new reforms in the campaign financing. Many more people are concerned about where the money for campaigns comes from. This type of concern led to the laws that prohibit individuals from contributing large sums of money to specific campaigns. The assumption is that these individuals contribute huge sums of money in hope of some later benefit. Let me talk a little about history of reforms. Reformers put restrictions on campaign money for more than a century. In 1907, the Tillman Act prohibited contributions from corporations and national banks to candidates for federal office. Enforcement and further legislation to restrict campaign money were weak. for decades after that, until the Watergate scandal erupted before the 1972 election. Secret and illegal contributions had been made to Nixons re-election campaign in1972. Congress responded by amending a 1971 law that required reporting of campaign contributions and expenditures. The amendments imposed strict limits on both contributions to candidates and parties and spending by candidates in federal elections. An individual, for example, could give a maximum of $1,000 to a candidate for federal office and $20,000 to a political party. But the major change in the funding came with the case Buckley v. Valeo. Conservative New York Sen. James Buckley and liberal former Minnesota Sen. Eugene McCarthy challenged the law. They argued that the limits in the lawviolated their own First Amendment rights as candidates, as well as the rights ofcampaign contributors and political and other organizations. They filed suit against Francis Valeo, secretary of the U.S. Senate. An appeals court supported most of the law, and the challenge moved to the Supreme Court, where it was argued in November 1975. So what did the court actually decide? It ruled that the post-Watergate limit placed on the amount of money a candidate for federal office might spend was anunconstitutional violation of the candidates freedom of speech. Another provisionof the law, limiting the amount of money that individuals and organizations couldcontribute to a candidate, was deemed not to be unconstitutional, because it servedthe important interest of preventing corruption. Campaign spending by candidates, the court reasoned, was closely related topolitical speech, which the court has always given the highest level of FirstAmendment protection. Campaign money is spent on flyers, campaign advertisingand generally getting the candidates message out? are all political speech. While striking down the limits on campaign spending, the court said limits werepermissible for presidential candidates who agreed to the limits in exchange forfederal funding of their campaigns. Sources of campaign funds:So nowadays, generally, campaign funds come from the following sources: the candidate himself or herself, other individuals, political action committees, political parties, and public financing. In the prenomination phase of the presidential election, contributions come from three sources-individual contributions, PAC contributions and federal matching funds. PAC contributions play a minor role in presidential nominating politics than they do in congressional elections. In short, the sources of funds for the presidential primaries are basically individual contributions and public matching funds. Even as millions in contributions fuel the presidential campaigns of Al Gore and George W. Bush, both candidates say they want to reduce that excess of money next time. Even as the presidential candidates decry soft money (independent donations that support candidates without being coordinated with the candidates campaign) it still flows ever faster into party coffers. Both Gore and Bush have attacked the use of ?soft money?. Gore says he would do away with this kind of donation altogether, while Bush would only ban soft-money contributions from labor unions and corporations. This years elections are the most expensive campaign cycle in American history, with an estimated cost of $3 billion. (show transparencies). .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .postImageUrl , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:hover , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:visited , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:active { border:0!important; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:active , .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8 .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue78c22c37b0ce74131cea444300fbcb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? EssayCritics say that because the Buckley decision left campaign spending unregulated,the demand for money in politics has increased uncontrollably, creating incentivesto get around the contribution limitsNonetheless, many organizations and scholars still argue that the First Amendment does, and should, prevent restrictions on campaign money. So for most of the part the issue of financing campaigns is pretty disputable and is going to be changed over the time for sure. Speech and Communication Essays