Essay Critique of Edward Thorndike - 446 Words

Article Crtique Title of Article: The Contribution of Psychology to Education Author: Edward L. Thorndike Journal Source: The Journal of Educational Psychology The Contribution of Psychology to Education. Edward L. Thorndike, The Journal of Educational Psychology, 1910, v. 1, p. 5-12. Synopsis of Article: This article explains the relationship between Education and Psychology and how Psychology plays a dominant role in understanding ideas and the material in Education. It delineates the contribution of psychology to education from the view of society and then from the work of a psychologist. It focuses on natural tendencies in human nature that influence the learning process and also the affect our surroundings have on†¦show more content†¦Limitations of the Article: The examples in the article were very brief and should have contained more proof, i.e. test people to support some of these examples. It made me wonder if intelligence is hereditary or if one is simply naturally gifted. I also wonder if it is really true that having one teacher to a class of fifteen students gives better results than a class of three. I would think having three students to one teacher would give the teacher more time to focus on one students rather than in a class of fifteen where there are more students, i.e. less time spent with each child. I would think this would produce better results in a class of three students. I also wonder if practice really does make perfect, because although one may practice many times to make that perfection, are they really satisfied with the results and when exactly does one become perfect? If God says no one is perfect than how can men make practice perfect? I think that this area requires more research because there are still many unanswered questions lingering in our lives. I must agree that the classroom contributes tremendously to psychology through what is being taught and what is being learned, and how the students respond to this material. Relevancy to Topic: B.F. Skinner would show how an organisms behavior is understood as a function of its interaction with its environment. Skinners ideas had obvious application to education. He believed in programmedShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Of Organisms, An Experimental Analysis Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat classical figures in the field at the time including Pavlov, Sherrington and Magnus had also studied a single species. He also purports that Edward L. Thorndike anticipated his operant conditioning theory with that of his â€Å"Law of Effect.† However, Skinner makes the distinction that the contingencies for the two experiments were different as Thorndike suggested that learning took place on a trial and error basis, however in his research â€Å"the organism was not necessarily trying to do anything, andRead MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pageswith the study of observable behavior. There was no consideration of internal representation or the mind. Founded in the early 20th century by American psychologist John B. Watson, behaviorism was embraced and extended by Americans Edward Thorndike, Clark L. Hull, Edward C. Tolman, and later B.F. Skinner. Behaviorism differs from other perspectives in a number of ways. Behaviorists focus on behavior-environment relations and analyze overt and covert (i.e., private) behavior as a function of the organismRead MoreA Critique of the Behavioural Theories of Learning4629 Words   |  19 PagesA CRITIQUE OF THE BEHAVIOURAL THEORIES OF LEARNING One of the most debated issues in psychology pertains to the nature and meaning of learning. The systematic study of learning is relatively new as it was in the late nineteenth century that studies in this realm began in a scientific manner. Psychologists borrowed techniques from the physical sciences, and conducted experiments to understand how people and animals learn. Psychologists have tried in the past to define and explain how learningRead MoreA Critique of the Behavioural Theories of Learning4640 Words   |  19 PagesA CRITIQUE OF THE BEHAVIOURAL THEORIES OF LEARNING One of the most debated issues in psychology pertains to the nature and meaning of learning. The systematic study of learning is relatively new as it was in the late nineteenth century that studies in this realm began in a scientific manner. Psychologists borrowed techniques from the physical sciences, and conducted experiments to understand how people and animals learn. Psychologists have tried in the past to define and explain how learningRead MoreAre We Socially Intelligent?2438 Words   |  10 Pagesmanage men and women, boys and girls --- to act wisely in human relations. Edward Lee Thorndike (1920, p. 228) Way back in 1920, Thorndike defined ‘social intelligence’ as â€Å"the ability to understand and manage men and women, boys and girls – to act wisely in human relations†. During the period between 1920 and 1990 when Salovey and Mayer introduced the term ‘emotional intelligence’, the ideas expressed in Thorndike for ‘social intelligence’ overlapped those expressed in later articles on theRead MoreBehaviorism And Its Impact On The Learner2285 Words   |  10 PagesPavlov s dog. Behaviorism comes before cognitive worldview and discards structuralism. It is an addition of Rational Positivism. Among the major contributors and creators of behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Bandura, E. L. Thorndike and Tolman. Keywords: stimulus-response (S-R), Operant conditioning, Methodological behaviorism, behaviorism in philosophy and Classical conditioning. Behaviorism Introduction Behaviorism is the theory, which postulates that the psychologyRead MoreBehavioral Models Of Personality Is An Important Part Of Our Personality2057 Words   |  9 Pagesthat we could ask is whether or not the environment impact our behavior more than our genes do? By learning about Behaviorism through this paper, one will have an understanding of the different components that provide insight through examination and critique. Theories within Behaviorism, the contributors of Behaviorism; as well as strengths and weaknesses of Behaviorism. To begin, take a look at two of the main approaches within Behaviorism; Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. ClassicalRead MoreLearning Theories Essay6222 Words   |  25 Pagescompare this theory with the Constructivist view of learning, this label will become self-evident. Also in contrast to Constructivism, it has been labelled an objectivist theory of learning.    Theorists associated with Behaviorism: J.B Watson E. L Thorndike B.F Skinner    A Description of Behaviorism: The concern or emphasis of Behaviorism is observable indicators that learning is taking place. Contrasting this view of learning is the emphasis of cognitive psychologists who equate learning with theRead MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 Pagesif they were scientists using the scientific method proposed by Dewey (1920). Indeed, nothing better illustrates how the assumed connection between  progressivism  and non-didactic pedagogy very readily comes apart than the celebrated inspectorate critique of teaching methods at A. S. Neills famous or notorious school Summerhill (Neill, 1965). For, despite the fact that Summerhill is widely regarded as the very epitome of progressive schooling, Neills teaching methods were found wanting on theRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesmost. For 30 years, from the 1860s, Spencers thought dominated American universities. The last of those decades, the 1890s, produced the revolution in educational thought and psychology led by William James and John Dewey, Stanley Hall, and E. L. Thorndike, all influenced by Spencer. In Britain, J. S. Mill backed financially the subscription scheme that launched Spencers work, and the scientists supported him too. Charles Darwin wrote, After reading any of his books I generally feel enthusiastic

The Impact Of Consumerism - 939 Words

According to Dictionary.com, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy.† Basically, this definition boils down to people getting more people to buy more products is a good thing. However, things aren’t always as they seem. In order to get people to be interested in your product, there is lots of advertisement involved and this of course costs money. Unfortunately, with lots of advertisements, they may not tell the whole truth of a product, or they may target one specific age or race group. Getting consumers to buy products is a good thing, but the lengths people go at isnt. In order to get people to be interested in a product, it has to be something that they can see†¦show more content†¦Due to the larger amounts of products being made, there are more pollutants being emitted, more land is being used, and the harmful gases that is being released into our atmosphere helps to accelerate our climate change problem. In his book No Impact Man, Colin Beavan states, â€Å"we work out butts off so we can get the stuff, but the making of the stuff destroys the planet, which makes us more depressed,...† (Beavan, pg 142). In this quote, Beavan states how people keep on buying despite the negative effects it has on our environment. Another thing companies may do to get their products to sell, is to aim some of their products to a certain age and race group, Even though it may seem innocent, it is discriminatory and harmful. For example, it is seen in many commercials that cigarette companies ads are found in areas where the majority of the people in the neighborhood are black.It is uncertain who came up with the idea to put up a majority of posters in black majority neighborhoods, but it isn’t right and to many it is considered racist and discriminatory. Fast food companies have their advertisements appeal to young children especially, they advertise low price meals for people that are on the go, and are physically attractive to young children. The parents of the young kids are usually busy, and may notShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Consumerism And Its Impact On Consumerism1847 Words   |  8 Pagespopulation is connected to the Internet today [Internet World Stats, 2017]. The mass amounts of exposure t o technology, the World Wide Web, and e-commerce lead one to wonder what influence technology and social media have on consumerism and on a customer’s buying habits. Consumerism is influenced by many factors, but in the last decade website advertisements, social media platforms, and ecommerce websites have changed consumer behavior. Before the Internet gained mass popularity, the traditional modesRead MoreThe Impact Of Consumerism On Our Society Today1276 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism has played an important role in our society today. Whether it is the shoes we wear or the shampoo we use in our hair, the idea of being a consumer and what products attract us contribute to how we identify ourselves within our society. When people go the store to purchase a product, they tend not to think how the package affects them. Thomas Hine’s â€Å"What’s in a Package† emphasizes how packaging is essential to attract a customer to buying the given item. He further explains that not onlyRead MoreWho Is The Physician? An Organization For Health Care?848 Words   |  4 PagesProMedica surveyed over 24,800 respondents to discover evolution of consumer from required physician referrals to technology advancements creating health care consumerism notion. Physician’s referrals dropped in half from by 2009; which was the leading influence during this time period (Winan and Kasubski, 2011). The physician-focused strategy is method used further enhance the patient’s independence. To go into line with the patient’s independence health care providers are marketing the valueRead MoreConsumerism1100 Words   |  5 Pages 1.Whats consumerism ? Consumerism is defined by the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods . Good morning/afternoon fellow classmates , today I’ll be discussing how the powerful images conveyed in Bruce Dawe’s texts Americanized and Abandonment of Autos, and a cartoon by Clay Butler, raise issues and concerns about consumerism. | 2. To start off, Bruce dawe’s text Americanized effectively portrays negative views on consumerism. Dawe uses an extended metaphor which involvesRead MorePatagonias Sustainability Strategy : DonT Buy Our Products Case Study1160 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumers to acquire things and thereby grant themselves a certain status. The case study ‘Patagonia’s Sustainability Strategy: Don’t Buy Our Products’ prepared by Zahir Dossa discusses consumerism and the way Patagonia has decided to challenge this phenomenon. The case study emphasizes on negative waste impacts of consumerism on the env ironment providing justification why people should purchase only necessary things and protect the environment. The discussion of Patagonia’s development path and chosenRead MoreThe Absolute Value Of America1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbuying of miscellaneous objects on the internet, are just a few contributors to the most powerful â€Å"ism† that powers America. From the 1920s to the present day America has been driven by consumerism. Consumerism- in its simplest form- is defined as the buying and selling of products. When tracing the evolution of consumerism in America, one must explore many factors that led up to today’s consumerist culture; the economic ups and downs of the 1920s through the 1950s, the anti-consumerist movement in theRead MoreDon DeLillos White Noise novel and Malcolm Gladwells Big and Bad article1004 Words   |  5 Pageslove, fear of loss of life, and four seemingly civilized children. The family seeks to live in a society where the consume rism culture is highly influenced by media and companies. The characters’ consumerism culture becomes influenced by the dangers of the industrial chemical cloud that hangs over their lives. This essay explores the importance of honesty in the wake of a consumerism culture that is highly influenced by the media and companies as evident in White Noise by DeLillo and â€Å"Big and Bad†Read MoreThe Study Of Human-Environment Interactions Has Been A1384 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between and the public’s engagement in green consumerism and traditional environmental activism. The interest in studying these two behaviors is that only recently has consumption become a way to engage in pro-environmental behavior through the purchasing of products that use fewer resources, eco-friendly packaging, and use post-consumer waste instead of harvesting new resources (Roser-Renouf et al. 2016). The rise in green consumerism arose from a shift in how the public began to vi ew consumptionRead MoreGlobalization : Globalization And Sustainable Prosperity1032 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalization contribute to sustainable prosperity for all people?† Globalization’s impact on sustainable prosperity is examined in the source. It does this by asking a question. Also examined is the impact on all people and this would include both developing nations as well as developed nations. The source is also somewhat leading the reader to question the extent of the impact, which implies that there is a positive impact on sustainable prosperity. Also the fact that it states, â€Å"for all people† impliesRead MoreImpact of Black Friday and Cyber Friday on Our Economy1619 Words   |  7 Pageslarge impacts on both economical and environmental issues. While the holiday shopping season can significantly aid in the finances of small and large companies, the mass spending and consumerism also reduces resources from the environment and the atmosphere of spending can also be seen as the spending of our resources. Every unnecessary purchase is as equally damaging our environment. However, the majority of consumers were not aware of the significance of these two holidays and their impact, so a

The Health Care System Of The United States - 891 Words

Health care has become a large part of modern society because the methods societies use to pay for health care affect both the providers and consumers of health care resources. Health care financing is especially important as it often restrict citizen access to health care (Cauchi, 2015).In most, modern first world countries, the government is responsible for paying for health care. However, this is not the case in the United States. In the U.S., the health care system is a unique and partially market-based (Seshamani, 2008). A market-based systems, care is delivered by private organizations and individuals. In a true market-based system, every level of health care is subject to some competition. Market-based systems can be highly complicated as there are many different payers, providers, and consumers must choose which ones serve their individual needs (Seshamani, 2008). The complexity of financing in the United States’ is due to its base in a market-based system. An American citizen might employ both private and public resources to purchase health care services through a number of programs and plans. The payment options for health care services are also numerous. If a patient is capable, they may pay for some or all of the care themselves. Another more common option is for the indirect payment of a large portion of the care paid for by insurance or managed care plans (Shi Singh, 2004). These financing mechanisms are referred to as health insurance. Insurance is aShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 toRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States1218 Words   |  5 PagesCurrently, The United States sits as the thirty-sixth best nation at delivering effective healthcare, and yet the US does so at over $8,200 per capita, more than two and half times the OECD average. This creates and incredibly paradoxical circumstance where â€Å"the most powerful, most innovative, and richest country [on] the plant† delivers on average one of the worst healthcare results among developed countries (Reid 28). Several countries including Canada, England, the Netherlands, France, and GermanyRead MoreUnited States Health Care System1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S health care system, in 2012, cost around 2.6 trillion dollars and is expected to rise to about 4.8 trillion dollars in 2021, if nothing is done to repair the issue. To further illustrate, America is the only wealthy and industrialized country in the world to not have universal health care. Yet, many still believe that the United States may become a communist nation if health care is provided to all. They still believe that it will perhaps send it into an economical crisis. However, theRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1190 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care in the United States has evolved throughout the years. This evolution has lead to groundbreaking findings and understand, benefiting to not only America, but other countries. However, along with all of the great achievements, there comes some consequences, social issues. The United States health care system comes with social issues that includes inequality, cost, and health insurance. Major social inequalities that have a major effect on how a person is treated are their social classRead MoreThe United States Health Care System817 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Health Care System has undergone some drastic changes over the past few years. It is almost unrecognizable when we try to compare and contrast the growth and evolution; with physicians with no formal standard requirements such as licensing or even training to now being one of the hardest programs to enter. From private house being used as hospital settings with no type of formal reimbursement or insurance; to having hospitals now so luxurious, that they can be mistaking as fiveRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesThe rapidly growing baby boomer patient population is reshaping caregiving in the United States. The medical community is grappling with the many changes designed to manage the increased demand, such as how providers receive payments and deli ver services. As American care providers navigate the baby boomer patient era, talent demand is increasing and shifting from hospitals to long-term facilities. The Rapid Senior Patient Population Expansion Caregiving institutions are bracing for an influx ofRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change. To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person’s income. Universal health care is a foundationRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1467 Words   |  6 PagesHealth System Development Introduction The United States health care system is one that gets considered to give proper medical attention in the region. It is a system that developed through initiatives presented by the private sectors which give an enormous amount of funds. In comparison with other countries in the world; it is the United States that spends more money on health care when calculated per person (Thomas, 2016). The literature indicates that its percentage has a larger margin close toRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States health care system is the most expensive in the world. It spends more than 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, (the highest per person in the world), but ranks behind most countries on many measures of health outcomes, quality, and efficiency. In 2012, over 47 million people were un-insured and millions were under-insured⠁ ´. The cost of health care is rising at least twice as fast as the rate of economic growth. Maj or companies are passing more of the cost ofRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United States better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoing issue

Can Literature Spark Cultural Difference - 1185 Words

Can literature spark cultural difference? â€Å"A Little child with such a big heart that will be broken en crumbled everything falls apart†. A literature poem that is beautifuly and creatvly assembled using words. This poem has a deap meaning about out society and how we indivaduals are so influnced by it. Eventually, society corruptes our purity and made us crumble until everything falled apart. In this world, literature is used and seen in many different forms, and through this forms we see profound effects in their time and even after that. We can see how literature influences modern society, and how most of the ideas were spread through some kind of literature form. We see the spark of cultural change through influential works of literature, and these works take the forms of writings, movies, or songs. These forms go on to change the core of culture, so we can see a different world every time. It causes us to be very manipulated by the message it spreads out. Literature d oes spark cultural change using influential works like the Bible, or the song ‘Fireworks’ by Katy perry and even poems like ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou. These kinds of influntial works tend to spark cultural change throught inspiration and knowledge. One of the ways literature sparks cultural change would be, by the inspirational works that have formed into songs and poems. A poem, for example, tends to give people the strength they need to overcome a problem, reach a goal, or let go of theirShow MoreRelatedStudents Are Not Entering The Classroom With The Knowledge And Understanding Of Multicultural Education762 Words   |  4 Pagesthe knowledge and understanding of the importance of multicultural literature. The students are suffering due to the lack of diverse reading literature incorporated into units of reading study. There is a need for staff developments and in-services to help educate teachers on ways to provide multicultural literacy awareness in primary schools. Objectives †¢ To heightening the awareness of the importance of multicultural literature in early grades. †¢ To prepare educators for diversity in the classroomRead MoreThe Images And Classrooms Are Displayed With A Fair Depiction Of Diversity962 Words   |  4 PagesWithin Earle Brown, the images and classrooms are displayed with a fair depiction of diversity. People of different races, genders, and cultural beliefs are represented, much like the student population found at the elementary school. Earle Brown is an IB school; therefore, it could be argued that there is more of a need to represent a worldly view. There are signs in both English and Spanish found throughout the school, as well as clocks displaying different time zones across the world. Upon enteringRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Pregnancy Among First Nations Women By Oster, Mayan, And Toth1605 Words   |  7 Pages 2014). The significance of this research is evident: First Nations women who experience diabetes in pregnancy identify supportive relationships, resources, and cultural support as essential to maintaining healthy behaviours (Oster et al., 2014). By implementing a person-centered approach to care, healthcare providers such as nurses can work with First Nations women who are pregnant to help them acquire the knowledge necessary to manage their diabetes and to connect traditional and mainstream healthRead MoreThe Importance Of Literature In Literature937 Words   |  4 PagesGiving children access to all varieties of literature is extremely important for their success. Educators should help students develop a love and passion for learning. Reading and understanding it plays a big role in this, not only is reading important in developing cognitive skills, but it is valuable for other reasons as well. Although there are countless values in exposing children to literature it gives students appre ciation about their own values as well as those of others it helps studentsRead MoreKevin Jiang. Ms Westermann. Eng2Db. 28 March 2017. The1410 Words   |  6 Pagestheir fault and can serve many benefits. One benefit would not doubt be the lack of bias the youth have about any subject. When Walter Cunningham was invited to the Finch’s for dinner, he â€Å"poured syrup on his vegetables and meat with a generous hand† and how he â€Å"probably have poured it into his milk glass had [Scout] not asked what the sam hill he was doing†(32). As rude as this may seem, Scout has a sense of fairness that if she cannot pour molasses over everything, then why can Walter â€Å"drow[n]Read MoreThroughout a lifetime, only so much conflict could be bore upon oneself. There is always a1000 Words   |  4 Pagesman vs. man, with the conflict between Heathcliff and Edgar, as well as a conflict of man vs. self, with the inner conflict that Catherine faces in deciding between Heat hcliff and Edgar. Every story has conflicts, similarities, literary devices, cultural happenings, and even more. The question to be asked is ‘Why?’, ‘Why is there a conflict?’ or ‘Why is the author saying that?’. Upon reading Beowulf, Canterbury Tales, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Le Morte d’Arthur, Macbeth, and Wuthering HeightsRead MoreLiterature And Everyday Life : Toni Morrison s The Dark, And White Privilege And Male Privilege Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesplays in literature to its looming existence in our everyday lives, race has an undeniable influence on many aspects of our lives. Toni Morrison and Peggy McIntosh, a writer and an activist respectively, both have the urge to understand this presence and impact of race in literature and everyday life specifically. Through self-reflection and attempts to see from others’ perspectives, both Morrison and McIntosh manage to answer their own questions regarding race and i ts role in literature and everydayRead MoreThe Conflict Sparked By Irrational Thinking1602 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is an abusive relationship? In today’s society, we see abusive relationships in our own lives, movies, and literature. â€Å"Domestic abuse occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person† (Domestic Violence and Abuse). Signs that one is in an abusive relationship include feeling self-loathing, helpless, and desperate. Abuse can be divided up into four main categories, dominance, isolation, humiliation, and intimidation. Dominance consistsRead MoreLiterature Through The Use Of Ethnographies1389 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature through the use of Ethnographies. By doing so, Anthropologists initiate on-going conversations within this field, engaging in a plethora of topic ideas and research studies. This does not only create a platform for discussion but permits a variety of opinions amongst so cial findings that continue to develop our understanding of societal behaviours. This notion is evident in Undoing Kinship which explores the meaning of Kinship and further, how it is understood and exercised in differentRead MoreWays of Seeing1748 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertisers are fighting for every spot they get to display their ads and market their products. The ultimate aim is to get as much exposure as possible. This in turn, they hope, will translate into sales. The literature â€Å"Ways of Seeing – Part 7† underlines the theory of publicity. I chose this literature because it elucidates the backbone of marketing and advertising – publicity. It interests me because designers and advertisers revolve their careers around for many years in order to obtain ‘Publicity’

First meeting Issues Free Essays

In the first meeting of the Land Committee held on 22nd December, 2004 it was decided to hold public hearings with recognized political parties, civil society organizations and peoples? unions working on land issues of the poor to understand the various issues on land reforms. The Committee held public hearings in Hydrated, Wrangle, Vigilant and Atrophic. The visits to the districts and public meetings were followed by field visits to districts and villages to get a firsthand knowledge of the land issues affecting the poor. We will write a custom essay sample on First meeting Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now In an overwhelming response, political parties and civil society organizations attended all the public hearings and cutting across party lines, have demanded that land issues affecting the poor required immediate attention by the Government. Commissioning of Studies In order to understand the land issues in greater detail and also the relevance and use of the existing Revenue Acts, the committee has commissioned studies on various aspects of land issues by specialists and experts. Studies have been conducted on Board Standing Orders and Revenue Acts, Tribal land issues, issues of Tenancy, the phenomenon of absentee landlord’s and that of plain paper transactions (Sad bambina transactions), functioning of the legal system and state of the endowment lands (Terms of References of the studies and consultants/consulting organizations conducting the study enclosed). Recommendations immediately operational in nature While commissioning the studies the Land Committee was very clear that recommendations evolving from the studies would not be theoretical in nature and focus shall be on operational issues. The Committee has tried its best to cover the important and pressing land issues. The recommendations of the committee while not exhaustive nevertheless cover substantial ground. Page 3 of 101 Land still the single most emotive issue in rural areas It has been the Committee?s experience that the issue of land continues to be the single most emotive issue in the rural areas. How to cite First meeting Issues, Papers

E-Business Applications The Australian market

Question: Discuss about the E-Business Applications for The Australian market. Answer: Introduction Catch of the Day is one a sub-brand of Catch Group, which happens to be one of the largest and the fastest growing e-commerce companies in the Australian market. The company started in 2006 with five employees and a small warehouse with an area of 200 square meters. The company has witnessed very rapid growth since its inception. The Catch Group is owned by Hezi and Gaby Leibovich, Consolidated Press Holdings and Tiger Global Investment and many various portfolio investors (Catchoftheday.com.au 2016). In 2014, the company introduced robotics to enable picking of the products in its 25,000 square meters warehouse, which happens to be the one of the first by any Australian company. Its consistent emphasis on using innovation and modern technologies has enabled them to work smartly and deliver orders before time especially during the festive seasons like Easter and Christmas (Catchgroup.com.au 2016). Catch of the Days Business Operations The company receives daily footfalls of more than 400,000 every day and it receives more than 8,000 orders every day. The company sells its product every 2.8 seconds, thus making the picking and distribution system quite complex. Therefore, they have deployed almost 70 robots are deployed for customers order picking in the warehouse as large as a football stadium (YouTube 2016). The companys adoption to the latest business technology and supply chain management system has led to its growth as one of the most favored retailers in the Australian e-commerce market. It has well established administrative team that leads the company of more than 400 people who specializes in information technology, design and logistics, marketing, customer service and procurement and sourcing. Its efficient and innovative infrastructure and its capability to deliver orders before the delivery time has given the company the benefit of generating a large set of loyal customers and helped in maintaining a long term relationship with them (Catchgroup.com.au 2016). Ease of Use of E-Commerce Site Benefits to the Company The establishment of the e-commerce site has enabled the company to create greater outreach to prospective customers due to the growing popularity of mobile phones and tablets in Australia. The e-commerce site has also enabled the company to create brand awareness and attract new customers as well as it helped in boosting its sales during the peak seasons such as Easter and Christmas (Catchgroup.com.au 2016). Benefits to Suppliers/Wholesalers The website of the company gives the various other suppliers and wholesalers to partner with the company by letting them send a business query with requisite details like name, email id, and phone number. If the company finds the suppliers or wholesalers to be favorable for doing business, the company responds to it accordingly (Catchgroup.com.au 2016). Benefits to Consumers The website enables the consumers to choose from a wide variety of its products across numerous categories as company understands that consumers these days hardly like to visit a supermarket or shopping mall; instead they prefer to order the products over the internet through official websites of the company (Catchgroup.com.au 2016). E-business Applications Currently Used Customer Relationship Management: Usage of digital communication technology has enabled the company to maximize its sales to its current set of customers as well as encourage them to continue using the online services. Enterprise Resource Planning: The website has enabled the company the plan its resources more efficiently and effectively thereby reducing its inventory cost (Andam 2014). Efficient Supply Chain Management: With all its functions and processes properly integrated with the website has enabled the company to make its supply chain management more effective. Communication and Collaboration: The usage of the e-commerce website has enabled the company in strengthening its relationship with customers as well as its employees through consistent communication through email, voice mail, and data management system (Combe 2012). E-Commerce Marketing Strategies Social Media Marketing: The company takes advantage of the fast growing trend of social media marketing on many micro-blogging website, chiefly Facebook where it has more than 900,000 followers. Membership: The company has launched Amazon Prime style membership titled Club Catch at $69 annually which will enable to consumers to exclusive discounts, free home delivery and priority treatment for their product delivery (Mata and Quesada 2014). Mobile Application: The company has also launched a mobile based application which enables the consumers to browse their website over the mobile and order their products in just a click. The mobile application has more than 2,000 downloads every day (com.au 2016). E-Commerce Supply Chain Strategies Business Process Integration: The company has put a great emphasis on integrating various processes of its business through application of in-stock approach. Robotics Process Automation: The company is one of the first company in Australia to implement robotics system in handling its product movement within the warehouse (com.au 2016). Single Fulfillment Center: The company runs a single fulfillment and distribution center that serves its purpose. It helps the company in controlling its economies of scale by maintaining a low inventory level (com.au 2016). E-Commerce Security Strategies Security Layering: The company evaluates and strengthens its security system consistently by making several layers of security to prevent it from security threats from cyber criminals who try to gain access to critical information related to the customers as well as the company (Turban et al. 2015). Access Control: Authorization and authentication ensure that no invasion attempts are being made to get access to the secured network of the organization. Most organizations use two factor verification processes and though it can create inconvenience to the user, it ensures that even if the password is compromised the user information is not revealed. The most common way of two factor verification process is by generate OTP (one time password) and send it to this mobile number of the user (Zhang Jiang and Huang 2013). Encryption: It is the process of translating user information into coded language. The most conventional technique of encryption employed by e-commerce sites is Secured Socket Layer or SSL. SSL decrypts and encrypts information sent over the internet. There are numerous companies which offer digital certificates and SSL through which the e-commerce companies can safeguard sensitive data like customers credit card data (Luiijf Besseling and De Graaf 2013). Allotment of Product Identification Number: The company allots an unique product identification number or code that is different for each and every product which enables them to segregate the products on the basis of region to which it will be shipped and thereby reduces their delivery time. Information Technology Infrastructure Catch of the Day is a subsidiary of Catch Group, which happens to be one of the leading e-commerce companies in Australia. The company has become one of the first Australian companies to implement robotics in its material handling system in its warehouse of 25,000 square meters. It has almost 70 robots that control the product flow within the warehouse. This innovative has enabled them to deliver the orders before time, especially during the peak seasons like Easter and Christmas. The company has a strong and dedicated team of experts who specialize in technology and design engineering that helps develop their IT infrastructure internally. This has enabled the company to stay proactive to the fast developing e-commerce and IT infrastructure in Australia. Recommendations Catch Group has a single warehouse in Australia that meets the demands of the entire population spread across various location. The single warehouse is holds all the stocks and orders placed by various customers from various sites it owns - Catch of the Day, Mumgo.com, and Scoopon. In order to enhance their business operation and expansion, the company should make some investment in setting up a new warehouse and expand its delivery locations. To improve company-customer relationships, the company should allow the customers to feel free to contact relevant authority in case of any complaints or suggestions and advices (Forbes 2016). Conclusion Catch of the Day is one a sub-brand of Catch Group, which happens to be one of the largest and the fastest growing e-commerce companies in the Australian market. The company receives daily footfalls of more than 400,000 every day and it receives more than 8,000 orders every day. The company sells its product every 2.8 seconds, thus making the picking and distribution system quite complex. Therefore, they have deployed almost 70 robots are deployed for customers order picking in the warehouse as large as a football stadium. The establishment of the e-commerce site has enabled the company to create greater outreach to prospective customers due to the growing popularity of mobile phones and tablets in Australia. References Andam, Z.R., 2014. e-Commerce and e-Business. Catchgroup.com.au. (2016).Catch Group. [online] Available at: https://www.catchgroup.com.au/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Catchoftheday.com.au. (2016).CatchOfTheDay.com.au | Amazing deals everyday!. [online] Available at: https://www.catchoftheday.com.au/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Colla, E. and Lapoule, P., 2012. E-commerce: exploring the critical success factors.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,40(11), pp.842-864. Combe, C., 2012.Introduction to e-business. Routledge. Forbes. (2016).FedExVoice: 5 Innovative Ways To Improve Your E-Commerce Business. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/fedex/2013/05/21/5-innovative-ways-to-improve-your-e-commerce-business/#2efc5d3260e3 [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Luiijf, E., Besseling, K. and De Graaf, P., 2013. Nineteen national cyber security strategies.International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 6,9(1-2), pp.3-31. Mata, F.J. and Quesada, A., 2014. Web 2.0, social networks and e-commerce as marketing tools.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,9(1), pp.56-69. smh.com.au. (2016)./it-pro/business-it/robots-are-processing-your-catch-of-the-day-orders-this-christmas-20141204-1200js.html. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/business-it/robots-are-processing-your-catch-of-the-day-orders-this-christmas-20141204-1200js.html [Accessed 4 Oct. 2016]. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015. E-Commerce Security and Fraud Issues and Protections. InElectronic Commerce(pp. 457-518). Springer International Publishing. YouTube. (2016).Robots are processing your Catch of the Day Orders. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nhYC2BSQYg [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Zhang, C., Jiang, S.J. and Huang, B., 2013. Strategies for The Security of Online Payments in E-commerce. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 756, pp. 3039-3042). Trans Tech Publications.

Account Information Systems Boston Pearson â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Account Information Systems Boston Pearson? Answer: Introducation When the Activities like Sales made by the company, inventory, working capital to finance daily operations, trade receivables completed in a period it is called as Revenue Cycle. Revenue cycle starts from considering the need of customers and making products according to them and sells those products in the form of cash or credit and records these transactions in the books of accounts (Romney Steinbart, 2012). (i) Motherboards and More Pty ltd suffering from various Deficiencies in internal control system and the some of the deficiencies are listed below: Inadequate Risk Assessment Procedures: Procedures made for assessing the risk is inadequate and the management failed to identify the risks which affects the daily operations of the company. Failed to Identify the Collusion among the Employees: Internal controls of the company are completely failed in identifying the conspiracy between the employees and the members of staff (Marinovic, 2013). Key Business Cycles not properly Defined: Managers and Owners failed in making the effective policies and procedures and the policies is not defined in written and various important cycles are not made by the company which affects the operations of the company. (ii) Impact of internal control weaknesses on the organizations: Internal Controls are the process derived by the management to provide a reasonable assurance that the daily operations of the company is achieved with the efficiency and effectiveness and complies with the provisions of law and follow necessary regulations. If the internal controls of the company are very weak then it will fall out in the near future (Badara Saidin, 2013). Weakness in the internal controls made companies vulnerable to the risk. Some of the risks are making unauthorized accounting and taxable transactions, manipulation of financial and accounting records and inconsistent applications of accounting policies. Weakness in the internal control system leads to conflict of interest between the employees and management and the possible risks affect the productivity of the company and interest of the users of financial statement will not be protected. (iii) Specific Internal Controls implemented to mitigate the risk in the organizations: Increase Oversight: Various Monitoring devices will be installed in the entire organization to find any suspicious activity and it will be removed by using various devices like camera installed in the place of work. Give Incentive to those who report for Suspicious Activity: If any employee or member of staff reports for any suspicious activity and the information provided by him leads to any fraud then he will be rewarded with a incentive. This will encourage other employees and the chances of fraud in the company will decrease. Educate Employees by providing Required Training: A complete training related to the operations of the company will be provided to the employees which will prevent the employees to making any unintentional errors (Vijayakumar Nagaraja, 2012). Financial Data Checked by the Third Party: financial data prepared by the company will be checked by the third party like an audit team who will give his opinion and report the necessary matters in his audit report. Conduct Detailed Risk Assessment: The management of the company and those charged with governance should make a complete analysis of the risk and make procedures to reduce the extent of the risk. A detailed risk assessment should made by the company to mitigate the risk. Protect Petty Cash funds and other cash funds: Mainly defaults and frauds will come into the cash account the management of the company made a detailed procedure to protect the cash funds and the cash fund should be reconcile at the end of every week if possible. Avoid Related Party Transactions: Related party transactions should be avoided by the management of the company to protect the conflict of interest between the top management (Reginato, et.al., 2011). These changes in internal controls should help the company in minimizing their risk and increase the productivity of the organization. The famous Attack which affects the data of million computers was happened in May 2017 which is known as WannaCry Ransomware attack. It is a cryptoworm made to affects the workings of the computers and it enters into the computer through the same network and encrypt the important files in the computer and demand a ransom number of payment in exchange of decrypting these files. It first affects the computers which is operated on Microsoft windows and not updated and do not have a security patch. Bitcoin is the currency in which they demand payment for decrypting the files (Hathaway, et. al., 2012). More than 1millions companies are affected from this attack across all over the world. In the modern period the number of cyber-attacks has rapidly increased and to prevent the company from these attacks various controls should be implemented by the management of Motherboards and More Pty ltd and these are listed below: Dont click on email links and attachments: when the warning is given to not to click on the email links and attachments which harms the data of the company then it should be avoided by the employees and management of the company. Use a hardware based firewall: All the computers of the company should use hardware based firewall which will mitigate the threats posed by the company. Disable Autorun: when any devices attached in the system it runs automatically and sometimes worms comes through when any devices attached in the system. Management of the company should disable the function of Autorun which should decrease the possibility of cyber-attack. Install Antiviruses in all the system of the company: Various security applications available on the internet. Company has to purchase one of these antiviruses to protect the data of the company. Some of the best software available in the market are Norton360, Quickheal total security, Kaspersky,etc. Data Backups should be made at regular intervals: Backup of the financial data of the company should be made at regular intervals and the data backup should be store offline in case of any cyber-attack (Kotenko and Chechulin, 2013). Authentication reduces to less number of peoples: Authentication to financial data of the company should remain to the less number of people so the important information about the company should not spread everywhere. References Badara, M. A. S., Saidin, S. Z. (2013). Impact of the effective internal control system on the internal audit effectiveness at local government level. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4(1), 16-23. Hathaway, O. A., Crootof, R., Levitz, P., Nix, H., Nowlan, A., Perdue, W., Spiegel, J. (2012). The law of cyber-attack. California Law Review, 817-885. Kotenko, I. and Chechulin, A., 2013, June. A cyber attack modeling and impact assessment framework. In Cyber Conflict (CyCon), 2013 5th International Conference on (pp. 1-24). IEEE. Marinovic, I. (2013). Internal control system, earnings quality, and the dynamics of financial reporting. The RAND Journal of Economics, 44(1), 145-167. Reginato, E., Paglietti, P., Fadda, I. (2011). Formal or substantial innovation: enquiring the internal control system reform in the italian local government. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 3. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012). Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Vijayakumar, A. N., Nagaraja, N. (2012). Internal Control Systems: Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Risk Management at Public Sector Enterprises. BVIMR Management Edge, 5(1).